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pm90 5 hours ago [-]
Besides the sketches, she has written extensively about Indian rulers at the time (e.g. Ranjit Singh). If you found this interesting, you would love the Empire Podcast... I believe they talk about Emily in the episode on Afghanistan (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/79-invading-afghanista...); Dalrymple's book on the subject (Return of a King, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_of_a_King) is also a masterfully well researched, delightful read.
fillskills 4 hours ago [-]
+1 to Empire Podcast. They have excellent series on a bunch of empires (well researched with references). Its one of those light, informative, non-boring podcasts:
- The British Empire & The Raj
- The Ottoman Empire
- The Russian Empire
- The United States as an Empire
etc
ebbi 4 hours ago [-]
William Dalrymple's books are great reads. Makes reading history enjoyable. Highly recommend all his books, particularly his most recent 'The Golden Road'
sbmthakur 2 hours ago [-]
Reading that one now. I finished The Anarchy before that and it was a great intro to the 18th century and how it made the ground fertile for upcoming colonial period.
> Her book, Portraits of the Princes and People of India, was published in 1844. It contained 24 lithographs that were drawn from her sketches of important Indian subjects such as Dost Mahomed Khan and Ranjit Singh.
Something about this era - I have an interest in Frederick Catherwood and his work at basically the same time in mesoamerica (although he focused more on ruins than modern people), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Catherwood
3 hours ago [-]
jimmyed 2 hours ago [-]
[dead]
lolnice 3 hours ago [-]
[flagged]
pm90 3 hours ago [-]
Bigotry does rot brains huh.
lolnice 2 hours ago [-]
I could say the same thing about San Francisco and it would be upvoted so high who knows I might even be on your level on this platform
throwawaypath 4 hours ago [-]
When did India go from the land of mysticism to the open landfill that it is now? Since photography became easily accessible? Was India always this polluted?
pm90 2 hours ago [-]
While European states invested in building up their human capital over the past 200 years, most of the Indian economy was turned into an extractive colonial state. The lack of investment set the country back by a lot. After Independence, it turned its back sharply on Capitalism (rightfully so, having suffered under extreme capitalism for a couple of hundred years). Unfortunately, that didn’t end up working very well either, since it lacked the strong Institutions and State Power required to succeed that way. Politically, Partition of the Country destroyed existing economic structures and trade routes that had existed for hundreds of years, setting back all countries in the subcontinent even further… and then you also had multiple wars.
Honestly its quite amazing that the subcontinent has remained as stable as it is today; it could very easily have descended into the carnage we see today in Myanmar.
adithyareddy 2 hours ago [-]
The account you're replying to was created 49 minutes ago and has 2 comments, both on this thread, one already flagged and dead. Please don't waste your time engaging bait.
busymom0 24 minutes ago [-]
The account they are replying to shows it's from last year and has lots of other comments from other posts.
lolnice 2 hours ago [-]
Now re-answer without being in total denial.
I see similar comments about my home town of San Francisco and I don't act all in denial like you do. I know why it's happening, I'm aware that it's a reality. People have solutions. Some have ideas.
But you're in denial.
You'll never improve if you can't admit there's a problem.
throwaway7783 2 hours ago [-]
No one is in denial. The parent post is just explaining why, and not that the problem doesn't exist.
The biggest issue we have is the mindset of the common (wo)man, regardless of why it is the way it is.
thesmtsolver2 3 hours ago [-]
Most of Western cities were open landfills till a few decades ago despite advantages reaped from colonialism.
India still has some negative momentum from nearly 300 years of European colonialism. 700 years of Islamic occupation that destroyed native universities like Nalanada didn’t help.
sa501428 1 hours ago [-]
"700 years of Islamic occupation" is just false. Some Muslim dynasties began through conquest, as many dynasties throughout Indian history did. But over centuries, Muslims integrated, intermarried, adopted local languages and customs, and became part of Indian society. Muslim-ruled states relied heavily on Hindu generals, officials, and allies, and their wars were largely fought over territory and power, not as some continuous occupation or religious war against Hindus.
Criticizing specific rulers is fine. But Indian Muslims are indigenous to India, and their ancestors converted for many reasons, including Sufi influence, social mobility, and escape from caste discrimination.
Of note, Mughal India accounted for roughly 20–25% of global output. It was British colonial rule that exploited and stole insane amounts of wealth and led to India’s economic decline. Comparing centuries of complex Indo-Hindu-Muslim history with British colonial occupation and extraction makes no sense. And calling Indian Islam a foreign invasion is misplaced bigotry.
JumpCrisscross 3 hours ago [-]
> the open landfill that it is now?
I’m going to guess you’ve only visited India's cities?
drTobiasFunke 3 hours ago [-]
Above comment is accurate. All Indian indigenous systems were destroyed (education, governance, taxation etc) during the 1000 years of foreign occupation. India still operates under the oppressive system imposed by the colonizers to subjugate the population. The shock and ripple effects of the plunder, destruction and subsequent partition has crippled the subcontinent. It might take several centuries to rebuild and recover.
sa501428 1 hours ago [-]
Mughal India was roughly 20–25% of global output. It was British colonial rule that exploited and stole insane amounts of wealth and led to India’s economic decline. Comparing centuries of complex Indo-Hindu-Muslim history with British colonial occupation and extraction makes no sense.
Some Muslim dynasties began through conquest, as many dynasties throughout Indian history did. But over centuries, Muslims integrated, intermarried, adopted local languages and customs, and became part of Indian society. Muslim-ruled states relied heavily on Hindu generals, officials, and allies, and their wars were largely fought over territory and power, not as some continuous occupation or religious war against Hindus.
Indian Islam is not a foreign invasion that destroyed. Indian Muslims are indigenous to India, and their ancestors converted for many reasons, including Sufi influence, social mobility, and escape from caste discrimination.
Even though pollution in India is bad and getting worse everyday, smog in Delhi is/was an exception, not the national norm (even among tier 1 cities, let alone tier 2 and below). That too not year round (though I must say Delhi/NCR is increasingly becoming unliveable).
SilverElfin 3 hours ago [-]
Probably not one thing but the sequence of Islamic colonialism, followed by European colonialism, followed the splitting of India, the introduction of consumerist lifestyles (plastic crap), globalism, etc.
I imagine any society where the existing stable system is violently destroyed will have issues with people not having their original culture and way of life, but also they probably had to just survive, and didn’t have time for environmental concerns.
ycombinete 6 minutes ago [-]
[delayed]
pm90 2 hours ago [-]
The Islamic period in India was one of the most prosperous periods in India’s history, ever. India was responsible for 25% of the worlds GDP during Mughal Emperor Jahangirs reign. The decline of Indian economy is directly a consequence of British Policies.
drTobiasFunke 2 hours ago [-]
Not true. It was rich, yes. The emperors took it all. The common people got nothing. Hence the big tombs etc. Indigenous institutions were destroyed, libraries and universities burnt. Religious structires destroyed and natives under constant threat and conflict. This is directly reflected by the complete lack of pioneering work in science, technology, astronomy, mathematics, philosophy and literature during this period. All of that was pre islamic invasion.
SilverElfin 36 minutes ago [-]
Yes prosperous. Minus the brutal and barbaric genocide, oppressions, etc. Obviously such colonialism destroys culture and wealth even if a few powerful outsiders extract wealth for themselves. You’re whitewashing Islamic colonialism for some weird reason.
pm90 10 minutes ago [-]
Who are the outsiders? India has been a melting pot for “outsiders” forever; from the Greeks, Huns, Turks and Persians to Africans (Habshis in the Deccan). Once the dynasty started they considered themselves “Hindustani” and took title reflective of that. Persian was the language of bureaucracy not just in the Mughal but also the hindu Maratha courts.
Painting a period that saw the largest number of hindu temples being built, the largest ever expansion in wealth of the country as some kind of despotic enslavement is historical revisionism. Yes certain islamic rulers were more orthodox than others and attempted to suppress other religions; such is the nature of the Monarchic rule. But in the net, the early modern period in India was undoubtedly a golden age for the region.
sa501428 48 minutes ago [-]
Calling Islam in India "Islamic colonialism" is not accurate. Colonial rule generally involves a foreign power governing a territory for the benefit of an external homeland, maintaining separation from the local population, and transferring wealth.
The Delhi Sultanates and Mughal Empire were based in India. Their rulers spent and reinvested revenue there, adopted Indian customs, intermarried with local elites, and depended heavily on Hindu generals, officials, bankers, and allies. Indigenous banking networks were integral to the Mughal state, which is very different from an overseas colonial administration stealing wealth for a distant metropole.
Criticizing bad rulers is fine. Rebellions were brutally crushed and heavy taxes imposed. But that is just like every pre-modern empire. Hindu and Muslim rulers alike conquered territory, exploited peasants, and fought rivals.
British rule was completely different. India was subordinated and resources were stolen and redirected toward Britain. India went from being one of the wealthiest nations under the Mughals to a carved out husk after the British were done.
drTobiasFunke 18 minutes ago [-]
And no, hindu and muslim conquests were NOT alike. Krishnadevaraya defeated kalinga. Instead of destroying konark sun temple, he came back and built a similar stone chariot in hampi.
The same hampi was plundered and burnt down a century later by islamic foreign invaders.
The marathas defeated mughal empire, but you dont see delhi, fatehpur sikri etc in ruins.
Hindu conquests were like regime or government change for ordinary people. At best some changes in taxation. Islamic conquest meant their cities burnt down, institutions destroyed and life destroyed.
These are not my hallucinations, the turkic invaders proudly wrote about this themselves.
SilverElfin 31 minutes ago [-]
You wrote all that to make a nearly worthless semantic argument about how an act of invasion, genocide, and theocratic authoritarianism is different from what you’re calling colonialism? Okay.
Indians and Hindus were obviously subordinated under Islamic rulers who arrived from elsewhere. A simple five second search would show you they imposed different taxes if you were not a Muslim. What are you even arguing about here?
pm90 6 minutes ago [-]
The Mughal empire cannot possibly be characterized as theocratic in any meaningful way for most of its history (of course there are exceptions). They weren’t even devout muslims themselves. They married hindu Rajputs and adopted Indian customs, translated the classical hindu texts into Persian etc.
> Her book, Portraits of the Princes and People of India, was published in 1844. It contained 24 lithographs that were drawn from her sketches of important Indian subjects such as Dost Mahomed Khan and Ranjit Singh.
https://www.rct.uk/collection/1070252/portraits-of-the-princ...
https://archive.org/details/Eden30538
Something about this era - I have an interest in Frederick Catherwood and his work at basically the same time in mesoamerica (although he focused more on ruins than modern people), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Catherwood
Honestly its quite amazing that the subcontinent has remained as stable as it is today; it could very easily have descended into the carnage we see today in Myanmar.
I see similar comments about my home town of San Francisco and I don't act all in denial like you do. I know why it's happening, I'm aware that it's a reality. People have solutions. Some have ideas.
But you're in denial.
You'll never improve if you can't admit there's a problem.
The biggest issue we have is the mindset of the common (wo)man, regardless of why it is the way it is.
India still has some negative momentum from nearly 300 years of European colonialism. 700 years of Islamic occupation that destroyed native universities like Nalanada didn’t help.
Criticizing specific rulers is fine. But Indian Muslims are indigenous to India, and their ancestors converted for many reasons, including Sufi influence, social mobility, and escape from caste discrimination.
Of note, Mughal India accounted for roughly 20–25% of global output. It was British colonial rule that exploited and stole insane amounts of wealth and led to India’s economic decline. Comparing centuries of complex Indo-Hindu-Muslim history with British colonial occupation and extraction makes no sense. And calling Indian Islam a foreign invasion is misplaced bigotry.
I’m going to guess you’ve only visited India's cities?
Some Muslim dynasties began through conquest, as many dynasties throughout Indian history did. But over centuries, Muslims integrated, intermarried, adopted local languages and customs, and became part of Indian society. Muslim-ruled states relied heavily on Hindu generals, officials, and allies, and their wars were largely fought over territory and power, not as some continuous occupation or religious war against Hindus.
Indian Islam is not a foreign invasion that destroyed. Indian Muslims are indigenous to India, and their ancestors converted for many reasons, including Sufi influence, social mobility, and escape from caste discrimination.
I imagine any society where the existing stable system is violently destroyed will have issues with people not having their original culture and way of life, but also they probably had to just survive, and didn’t have time for environmental concerns.
Painting a period that saw the largest number of hindu temples being built, the largest ever expansion in wealth of the country as some kind of despotic enslavement is historical revisionism. Yes certain islamic rulers were more orthodox than others and attempted to suppress other religions; such is the nature of the Monarchic rule. But in the net, the early modern period in India was undoubtedly a golden age for the region.
The Delhi Sultanates and Mughal Empire were based in India. Their rulers spent and reinvested revenue there, adopted Indian customs, intermarried with local elites, and depended heavily on Hindu generals, officials, bankers, and allies. Indigenous banking networks were integral to the Mughal state, which is very different from an overseas colonial administration stealing wealth for a distant metropole.
Criticizing bad rulers is fine. Rebellions were brutally crushed and heavy taxes imposed. But that is just like every pre-modern empire. Hindu and Muslim rulers alike conquered territory, exploited peasants, and fought rivals.
British rule was completely different. India was subordinated and resources were stolen and redirected toward Britain. India went from being one of the wealthiest nations under the Mughals to a carved out husk after the British were done.
The same hampi was plundered and burnt down a century later by islamic foreign invaders.
The marathas defeated mughal empire, but you dont see delhi, fatehpur sikri etc in ruins.
Hindu conquests were like regime or government change for ordinary people. At best some changes in taxation. Islamic conquest meant their cities burnt down, institutions destroyed and life destroyed.
These are not my hallucinations, the turkic invaders proudly wrote about this themselves.
Indians and Hindus were obviously subordinated under Islamic rulers who arrived from elsewhere. A simple five second search would show you they imposed different taxes if you were not a Muslim. What are you even arguing about here?